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Tyre cornering is a critical aspect of vehicle handling that every rider and driver should understand. Whether you're navigating city streets on your bike or tackling winding roads in your car, the way your tyres interact with the road during turns plays a significant role in your safety and overall riding experience.
Tyre cornering refers to the process by which a vehicle's tyres generate the necessary force to navigate a turn, effectively counteracting the centrifugal force that would otherwise push it off the desired path. This lateral force, known as cornering force, is generated through different mechanisms in cars and motorcycles.
In cars, tyre cornering is primarily achieved through slip angle. When you turn the steering wheel, the front wheels are angled more sharply than the actual curve's radius, creating a slip angle. This slip angle causes the tyres to deform, with the tread blocks distorting to generate the necessary lateral force to keep the car on the desired path.
Several factors influence a car's cornering performance:
- Tyre construction, road surface condition, inflation pressure, and wheel/tyre size
- Vehicle speed and weight
- Weather conditions, particularly snow and ice
Low-profile tyres with a sticky tread compound often provide the best cornering force, making them ideal for performance cars. These tyres are designed to grip the road tightly, especially during high-speed cornering manoeuvres.
Motorcycles approach tyre cornering differently, relying on a concept called camber thrust. When a motorcycle leans into a corner, the lean angle effectively alters the tyre's contact patch with the road. The leaning motorcycle acts as part of a cone, with the tyres trying to turn a tighter circle than the actual turn.
Centrifugal force works to straighten the motorcycle's path closer to the desired line, while slip angles are used to correct any errors. Radial tyres, particularly wider ones, provide a larger contact patch and enhance grip while leaning.
The tyre shoulder, located where the tread meets the sidewall, plays a crucial role in a vehicle's handling and stability during cornering. A well-designed and properly maintained tyre shoulder offers several benefits:
Enhanced grip: As the vehicle leans while cornering, the outer edge of the tyres comes into greater contact with the road surface. Tyres with reinforced shoulders ensure maximum grip, reducing the risk of skidding or loss of control.
Even distribution of cornering forces: The tyre shoulder helps distribute lateral forces evenly across all wheels, preventing excessive stress on any single part of the tyre. This is essential for maintaining tyre integrity and extending its life.
Improved steering response: A well-maintained tyre shoulder allows for precise and predictable steering inputs, enhancing the driver's ability to navigate turns smoothly and confidently.
Heat dissipation: During cornering, friction between the tyre and the road generates heat. The tyre shoulder plays a vital role in dissipating this heat, preventing overheating that can lead to reduced performance and tyre failure.
To get the most out of your tyres and improve your cornering performance, consider the following tips:
Adjust your speed: The faster you corner, the more pressure you put on your tyres. Slow down to a safe speed when approaching a bend to maintain control and prevent skidding.
Take smooth lines: When possible, slightly "straighten" the bend by using the full width of your lane to create the widest possible arc. This helps distribute the cornering forces more evenly across your tyres.
Brake before the turn: Avoid braking while cornering, as this can upset the balance of your vehicle and cause a skid. Instead, brake before entering the turn and gently accelerate as you pass the apex.
Maintain proper tyre pressure: Ensure your tyres are inflated to the manufacturer's recommended pressure. Underinflated tyres can reduce cornering stability, while overinflated tyres may provide a harsher ride and less grip.
Choose the right tyres for your riding style and conditions: Select tyres that suit your specific needs, whether you prioritise high-performance cornering, all-weather capability, or long tread life. Eurogrip offers a range of tyres designed to optimise cornering performance across various riding styles and conditions.
Understanding tyre cornering and how it differs between bikes and cars is essential for every rider and driver. By recognising the factors that influence cornering performance and adopting safe riding techniques, you can enhance your vehicle's stability, control, and overall safety when navigating turns.
Remember to maintain your tyres properly, adjust your riding style and conditions accordingly, and choose high-quality tyres that suit your specific needs. Eurogrip's range of tyres is designed to provide excellent cornering performance, ensuring a safe and enjoyable ride every time you hit the road.